Example bulk RNA-seq analysis 1
Mark Ziemann
2024-05-29
Source: https://github.com/markziemann/background
Intro
Here we are performing an analysis of some gene expression data to demonstrate the difference between ORA and FCS methods and to highlight the differences caused by improper background gene set use.
The dataset being used is SRP128998 and we are comparing the cells grown in normal glucose condition (control) to the high glucose condition (case).
Data are obtained from http://dee2.io/
suppressPackageStartupMessages({
library("getDEE2")
library("DESeq2")
library("clusterProfiler")
library("mitch")
library("kableExtra")
library("eulerr")
library("biomaRt")
})Get expression data and make an MDS plot
I’m using some RNA-seq data looking at the effect of hyperglycemia on hepatocytes.
name = "SRP128998"
mdat <- getDEE2Metadata("hsapiens")
samplesheet <- mdat[grep("SRP128998",mdat$SRP_accession),]
samplesheet <- samplesheet[order(samplesheet$SRR_accession),]
samplesheet$trt <- as.factor(c(1,1,1,1,1,1,0,0,0,0,0,0))
samplesheet$VPA <- as.factor(c(0,0,0,1,1,1,0,0,0,1,1,1))
s1 <- subset(samplesheet,VPA==0)
s1 %>%
kbl(caption = "sample sheet") %>%
kable_paper("hover", full_width = F)| SRR_accession | QC_summary | SRX_accession | SRS_accession | SRP_accession | Experiment_title | GEO_series | trt | VPA | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 406940 | SRR6467479 | PASS | SRX3557428 | SRS2830728 | SRP128998 | GSM2932791: high glucose replicate 1; Homo sapiens; RNA-Seq | GSE109140 | 1 | 0 |
| 406941 | SRR6467480 | PASS | SRX3557429 | SRS2830730 | SRP128998 | GSM2932792: high glucose replicate 2; Homo sapiens; RNA-Seq | GSE109140 | 1 | 0 |
| 406942 | SRR6467481 | PASS | SRX3557430 | SRS2830729 | SRP128998 | GSM2932793: high glucose replicate 3; Homo sapiens; RNA-Seq | GSE109140 | 1 | 0 |
| 406946 | SRR6467485 | PASS | SRX3557434 | SRS2830733 | SRP128998 | GSM2932797: low glucose replicate 1; Homo sapiens; RNA-Seq | GSE109140 | 0 | 0 |
| 406947 | SRR6467486 | PASS | SRX3557435 | SRS2830734 | SRP128998 | GSM2932798: low glucose replicate 2; Homo sapiens; RNA-Seq | GSE109140 | 0 | 0 |
| 406948 | SRR6467487 | PASS | SRX3557436 | SRS2830735 | SRP128998 | GSM2932799: low glucose replicate 3; Homo sapiens; RNA-Seq | GSE109140 | 0 | 0 |
w <- getDEE2("hsapiens", samplesheet$SRR_accession,
metadata=mdat,legacy = TRUE)## For more information about DEE2 QC metrics, visit
## https://github.com/markziemann/dee2/blob/master/qc/qc_metrics.mdx <- Tx2Gene(w)
x <- x$Tx2Gene
# save the genetable for later
gt <- w$GeneInfo[,1,drop=FALSE]
gt$accession <- rownames(gt)
# counts
x1 <- x[,which(colnames(x) %in% s1$SRR_accession)]Here show the number of genes in the annotation set, and those detected above the detection threshold.
# filter out lowly expressed genes
x1 <- x1[which(rowSums(x1)/ncol(x1)>=(10)),]
nrow(x)## [1] 39297nrow(x1)## [1] 15635Now multidimensional scaling (MDS) plot to show the correlation between the datasets. If the control and case datasets are clustered separately, then it is likely that there will be many differentially expressed genes with FDR<0.05.
plot(cmdscale(dist(t(x1))), xlab="Coordinate 1", ylab="Coordinate 2", pch=19, col=s1$trt, main="MDS")
Differential expression
Now run DESeq2 for control vs case.
y <- DESeqDataSetFromMatrix(countData = round(x1), colData = s1, design = ~ trt)## converting counts to integer modey <- DESeq(y)## estimating size factors## estimating dispersions## gene-wise dispersion estimates## mean-dispersion relationship## final dispersion estimates## fitting model and testingde <- results(y)
de <- as.data.frame(de[order(de$pvalue),])
rownames(de) <- sapply(strsplit(rownames(de),"\\."),"[[",1)
head(de) %>% kbl() %>% kable_paper("hover", full_width = F)| baseMean | log2FoldChange | lfcSE | stat | pvalue | padj | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ENSG00000145050 | 5839.731 | -2.753692 | 0.1518338 | -18.13623 | 0 | 0 |
| ENSG00000149131 | 1346.633 | 2.161115 | 0.1427218 | 15.14215 | 0 | 0 |
| ENSG00000044574 | 124889.027 | -2.033391 | 0.1343040 | -15.14021 | 0 | 0 |
| ENSG00000128228 | 1676.368 | -2.836358 | 0.1895729 | -14.96183 | 0 | 0 |
| ENSG00000179218 | 78785.663 | -2.227516 | 0.1586383 | -14.04148 | 0 | 0 |
| ENSG00000090520 | 6751.044 | -2.138112 | 0.1538129 | -13.90073 | 0 | 0 |
Now let’s have a look at some of the charts showing differential expression. In particular, an MA plot and volcano plot.
maplot <- function(de,contrast_name) {
sig <-subset(de, padj < 0.05 )
up <-rownames(subset(de, padj < 0.05 & log2FoldChange > 0))
dn <-rownames(subset(de, padj < 0.05 & log2FoldChange < 0))
GENESUP <- length(up)
GENESDN <- length(dn)
DET=nrow(de)
SUBHEADER = paste(GENESUP, "up, ", GENESDN, "down", DET, "detected")
ns <-subset(de, padj > 0.05 )
plot(log2(de$baseMean),de$log2FoldChange,
xlab="log2 basemean", ylab="log2 foldchange",
pch=19, cex=0.5, col="dark gray",
main=contrast_name, cex.main=0.7)
points(log2(sig$baseMean),sig$log2FoldChange,
pch=19, cex=0.5, col="red")
mtext(SUBHEADER,cex = 0.7)
}
make_volcano <- function(de,name) {
sig <- subset(de,padj<0.05)
N_SIG=nrow(sig)
N_UP=nrow(subset(sig,log2FoldChange>0))
N_DN=nrow(subset(sig,log2FoldChange<0))
DET=nrow(de)
HEADER=paste(N_SIG,"@5%FDR,", N_UP, "up", N_DN, "dn", DET, "detected")
plot(de$log2FoldChange,-log10(de$padj),cex=0.5,pch=19,col="darkgray",
main=name, xlab="log2 FC", ylab="-log10 pval", xlim=c(-6,6))
mtext(HEADER)
grid()
points(sig$log2FoldChange,-log10(sig$padj),cex=0.5,pch=19,col="red")
}
maplot(de,name)
make_volcano(de,name)
Need to add gene symbol
mart <- useDataset("hsapiens_gene_ensembl", useMart("ensembl"))
genes <- getBM(filters= "ensembl_gene_id",
attributes= c("ensembl_gene_id","hgnc_symbol"),
values=rownames(de), mart= mart)
m <- merge(de,genes,by.x=0,by.y="ensembl_gene_id")
rownames(m) <- paste(m$Row.names,m$hgnc_symbol)
m$Row.names = m$hgnc_symbol = NULL
dim(de)## [1] 15635 6dim(m)## [1] 15520 6Save table
saveRDS(m,"bulkrna1.Rds")Session information
sessionInfo()## R version 4.4.0 (2024-04-24)
## Platform: x86_64-pc-linux-gnu
## Running under: Ubuntu 22.04.4 LTS
##
## Matrix products: default
## BLAS: /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/blas/libblas.so.3.10.0
## LAPACK: /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/lapack/liblapack.so.3.10.0
##
## locale:
## [1] LC_CTYPE=en_AU.UTF-8 LC_NUMERIC=C
## [3] LC_TIME=en_AU.UTF-8 LC_COLLATE=en_AU.UTF-8
## [5] LC_MONETARY=en_AU.UTF-8 LC_MESSAGES=en_AU.UTF-8
## [7] LC_PAPER=en_AU.UTF-8 LC_NAME=C
## [9] LC_ADDRESS=C LC_TELEPHONE=C
## [11] LC_MEASUREMENT=en_AU.UTF-8 LC_IDENTIFICATION=C
##
## time zone: Australia/Melbourne
## tzcode source: system (glibc)
##
## attached base packages:
## [1] stats4 stats graphics grDevices utils datasets methods
## [8] base
##
## other attached packages:
## [1] biomaRt_2.58.0 eulerr_7.0.2
## [3] kableExtra_1.4.0 mitch_1.14.0
## [5] clusterProfiler_4.10.0 DESeq2_1.42.0
## [7] SummarizedExperiment_1.32.0 Biobase_2.62.0
## [9] MatrixGenerics_1.14.0 matrixStats_1.3.0
## [11] GenomicRanges_1.54.1 GenomeInfoDb_1.38.5
## [13] IRanges_2.36.0 S4Vectors_0.40.2
## [15] BiocGenerics_0.48.1 getDEE2_1.12.0
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## loaded via a namespace (and not attached):
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## [10] lattice_0.22-6 MASS_7.3-60.2 magrittr_2.0.3
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## [25] RCurl_1.98-1.14 yulab.utils_0.1.4 tweenr_2.0.3
## [28] rappdirs_0.3.3 GenomeInfoDbData_1.2.11 enrichplot_1.22.0
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