Abstract

Objectives

   Probiotic yogurt consumption is associated with gut health, including
   nutrient production and immune regulation, largely via modulation of
   the gut microbiome. However, metabolites that mediate host-microbiome
   interactions are largely unknown. We hypothesize consumption of
   probiotic yogurt results in distinct metabolic signatures in colon,
   including decreased levels of branched-chain amino acids,
   triglycerides, and bile acids relative to probiotic-free yogurt, milk,
   and water controls. We further hypothesize these differences are driven
   by increased abundances of Lactobacilli and Bifidobacteria following
   probiotic yogurt consumption.

Methods

   A juvenile mouse model (3 weeks old, n = 32 male, 32 female) was fed
   AIN-93G diet for 3 weeks, followed by 3 weeks of daily gavage of 150 µL
   probiotic yogurt (PY), heat-inactivated yogurt (HY), milk (M), or water
   (W). Animals were cohoused in the initial phase and singly housed in
   the gavage phase. Polar and nonpolar colon extracts were analyzed with
   ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-high resolution mass
   spectrometry (UHPLC-HRMS) and ^1H NMR metabolomics. Features detected
   by^1H-NMR and C18 LC-MS in positive mode were compared, pairwise,
   between diet groups.

Results

   Metabolite classes detected via UHPLC-HRMS included bile acids, amino
   acids and phospholipids. NMR yielded the following number of features
   with an absolute log[2]-fold change > 2 and unadjusted P-value < 0.05
   between dietary groups: 74 (PY v HY), 17 (PY v M), 57 (PY v C), 79 (HY
   v M), 14 (HY v C), and 47 (M v C). C18 LC-MS in positive mode yielded
   the following numbers of metabolites with the same cutoffs used in NMR:
   220 (PY v HY), 39 (PY v M), 196 (PY v C), 80 (HY v M), 58 (HY v C), and
   61 (M v C).

Conclusions

   As hypothesized, probiotic yogurt consumption for 3 weeks significantly
   altered the colon metabolome relative to controls. Further metabolite
   identification, pathway enrichment analysis, and next generation
   microbiome sequencing analyses will aid in identifying specific
   pathways altered upon PY consumption and correlated with alterations in
   colonic microbial taxa abundances. Ultimately, this work will help us
   to better understand how PY consumption influences gastrointestinal
   health in children.

Funding Sources

   Dannon Gut Microbiome, Yogurt and Probiotics Fellowship Grant awarded
   to HC. Sample analyses partially supported by an NIH Award.
     __________________________________________________________________

   Articles from Current Developments in Nutrition are provided here
   courtesy of American Society for Nutrition
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